International Journal of Gynecological Cancer · 2026

Whole-transcriptome sequencing and machine learning detect molecular signatures of endometrial cancer in non-invasive vaginal swabs

Jason D. Wright, Daniel G. Pankratz, Guoying Liu, Shuyang Wu, Devon S. Payne, Patrick M. Pattee, Mei G. Wong, Manqiu Cao, Aubrianne K. Milton, Federico A. Monzon, Mark R. Hopkins, Giulia C. Kennedy, Pedro T. Ramirez, Andrea Mariani

Journal
International Journal of Gynecological Cancer · vol. 36 · no. 4 · pp. 104546
Published
6 Apr 2026

Synopsis

The first peer-reviewed PinkDx paper. Women undergoing hysterectomy were enrolled in the exploratory PNK001 study and provided vaginal swabs, ectocervical swabs, endocervical cytobrushes and endometrial tissue; sequencing data came from 27 PNK001 participants and 46 Cooperative Human Tissue Network samples. Classifiers trained on expressed genes and variant counts distinguished 5 benign from 15 malignant cases in cytobrush, ectocervical and vaginal swab samples with average cross-validation AUCs of 0.6 to 0.96, and tissue-trained classifiers reached AUCs of 0.97 and 0.98 on an independent test set. Kennedy is twelfth of fourteen authors.

In the career genome

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